The Western Sahara conflict is a long-standing territorial and political dispute involving the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front, a nationalist movement representing the Sahrawi people, which proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).
Key Aspects of the Conflict
Historical Roots: The dispute traces back to the decolonization of the region by Spain. Following Spain's withdrawal in 1975 under the Madrid Accords, Morocco and Mauritania asserted territorial claims. Mauritania later relinquished its claims in 1979, while Morocco integrated the administration of the territory.
The Polisario Front & SADR: Backed internationally at various points by nations such as Algeria, the Polisario Front fought an armed conflict against Morocco until a United Nations-brokered ceasefire was established in 1991. A core component of the dispute centers around the question of self-determination and the status of Sahrawi refugees, many of whom reside in camps near Tindouf, Algeria.
Current Dynamics: Morocco currently administers the majority of the territory, promoting an autonomy plan under its sovereignty as a framework for resolution. The diplomatic landscape continues to evolve as various international actors express support for different pathways toward a lasting political solution overseen by the UN.
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