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The conflict you are referring to is the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (also known as the Second Kashmir War).

The war began in August 1965 following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which involved infiltrating forces into Jammu and Kashmir to spark an insurgency against Indian rule. The conflict escalated into a full-scale conventional war between India and Pakistan along their international border and the Line of Control, marking the first major clash between the two nations since their independence and the 1947 war.

Key Aspects of the 1965 War

• Diplomatic Intervention: As the war reached a military stalemate with neither side able to achieve a decisive breakthrough, heavy international pressure mounted from both superpowers. The United Nations Security Council called for a ceasefire, while the Soviet Union (led by Premier Alexei Kosygin) and the United States played crucial diplomatic roles in bringing the two nations to the negotiating table.

• The Tashkent Declaration: Following talks hosted in Tashkent (in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, now Uzbekistan), Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistani President Ayub Khan signed the Tashkent Declaration on January 10, 1966. The agreement stipulated that both nations would withdraw their forces to pre-conflict positions held before August 5, 1965, and restore diplomatic and economic relations.

• Military Outcome: While the war ended in a military stalemate and a negotiated ceasefire rather than a decisive victory for either side, independent military historians generally concur that India had successfully blunted Pakistan's armor offensives (notably at the Battle of Asal Uttar) and held the strategic upper hand by the time the UN-mandated ceasefire took effect on September 23, 1965.