How long does PDA last?

How Long Does a Patent Ductus Arteriosus Last?

In a healthy newborn, the ductus arteriosus — a blood vessel that connects two major arteries in the heart — typically closes on its own within the first few days after birth. This small passage plays a vital role during fetal development by allowing blood to bypass the lungs, which aren’t yet in use. Once a baby takes their first breath, the need for this shortcut disappears.

For most full-term infants, the ductus naturally narrows and seals shut shortly after delivery. However, in some cases — especially among premature babies — the vessel remains open. This condition is known as a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). While rare in babies born at full term, PDA is much more common in preterm infants, whose bodies may not be mature enough to trigger the closure process.

When the ductus fails to close, it can allow oxygen-rich blood to mix improperly with oxygen-poor blood, making the heart work harder over time. In many instances, small PDAs may cause no immediate symptoms and might even close on their own within the first few weeks or months of life. Still, larger ones often require medical intervention, such as medication or minimally invasive procedures, to help close the opening and prevent complications.

The exact cause of PDA isn’t always clear, especially in children without other heart issues. Genetics, maternal infections during pregnancy, or being born at high altitude may play a role. Thanks to advances in neonatal care, most babies with PDA go on to live healthy lives with proper monitoring and treatment when needed.