How rare is PDA?

How Rare Is Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?

Patent Ductus Arteriosus, or PDA, is a congenital heart condition that’s more common than many realize—especially among premature infants. During fetal development, the ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects two major arteries, allowing blood to bypass the lungs. In most full-term babies, this vessel closes shortly after birth. But in some cases, especially when babies are born early, it stays open—leading to PDA.

About 65% of infants born before the 28th week of pregnancy are affected by PDA, making it a significant concern in neonatal intensive care units. While it's relatively rare in full-term babies, it becomes much more prevalent the earlier a baby is born. The immature cardiovascular system in preemies often struggles to adapt to life outside the womb, and the ductus arteriosus may fail to close on its own.

Interestingly, PDA is diagnosed twice as often in girls as in boys. The reasons aren’t fully understood, but hormonal and developmental differences may play a role. In some cases, PDA occurs in isolation and resolves with medication or minor intervention. However, it can also appear alongside other heart abnormalities, complicating diagnosis and treatment.

While modern medicine has made great strides in managing PDA—especially in preterm infants—early detection remains crucial. Pediatric cardiologists monitor at-risk babies closely, using echocardiograms and other tools to determine the best course of action. With proper care, most infants with PDA go on to lead healthy lives.