Is naphthalene a carcinogenic PAH?

Understanding Naphthalene and PAH Health Risks

Naphthalene is a well-known chemical compound belonging to the family of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Commonly recognized from its use in traditional mothballs, coal tar, and industrial processing, it poses distinct health hazards when individuals encounter significant levels of exposure, particularly in workplace settings.

Workers exposed to elevated concentrations of naphthalene—whether through direct skin contact with its liquid form or by inhaling its vapor—face notable physiological risks. Short-term and prolonged exposure at high levels can lead to severe blood abnormalities, such as hemolytic anemia, as well as adverse impacts on liver function.

When evaluating its connection to cancer, health agencies view naphthalene within the broader context of PAHs. While not every individual compound in this family acts identically, health organizations classify several specific PAHs and complex PAH mixtures as carcinogenic chemicals. Naphthalene itself is widely classified as a possible human carcinogen based on animal studies showing chronic inhalation can cause respiratory tissue damage and tumors. Implementing strict workplace controls, proper ventilation, and personal protective equipment remains crucial to limiting these health risks.