What are the advantages and disadvantages of peracetic acid?

Peracetic Acid in Medical Sterilization: Pros and Cons

Peracetic acid has become a popular choice for sterilizing medical instruments, especially endoscopes, due to its strong antimicrobial properties and ability to work at low temperatures. One of its main advantages is its stability and effectiveness against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and spores, making it ideal for heat-sensitive equipment.

However, it's not without drawbacks. While the diluted 0.2% solutions used in most clinical settings are generally nonirritating, the concentrated form poses significant health risks. Exposure can lead to irritation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, requiring careful handling and proper ventilation in storage and use areas.

Another concern is its corrosive nature. Over time, repeated exposure to peracetic acid can degrade certain materials, leading to the discoloration and deterioration of endoscopes and other delicate instruments. This not only affects the appearance but may compromise functionality and increase maintenance costs.

Cost is another factor. Compared to alternative chemical sterilants like glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid is more expensive. Facilities using it regularly must balance the benefits of rapid, effective sterilization against the long-term financial and equipment-related impacts.

Despite these challenges, many healthcare providers continue to rely on peracetic acid because of its efficiency and lack of toxic residues—once broken down, it turns into harmless byproducts like acetic acid and oxygen. Still, proper training, protective measures, and equipment monitoring are essential to ensure both safety and performance.

In the evolving landscape of infection control, peracetic acid remains a valuable tool—but one that demands respect and careful management.