What are the worst side effects of prostate surgery?

Understanding the Risks of Prostate Surgery

Prostate surgery, particularly a simple prostatectomy, can be an effective treatment for severe urinary issues caused by an enlarged prostate. But like any major procedure, it comes with potential side effects that patients should be aware of before making a decision.

One of the most immediate concerns is bleeding, which can occur during or after surgery. In some cases, this may require a blood transfusion or additional care. Blood clots are another risk, especially in the days following the operation, making early mobility crucial.

Infections are also possible. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) may develop post-surgery, though they’re usually treatable with antibiotics. More persistent issues include urinary incontinence—the inability to fully control urine flow. While many men regain bladder control over time, some may experience lasting leakage, especially with physical activity or coughing.

Another common side effect is retrograde ejaculation, where semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through the penis during orgasm. While not harmful, it can affect fertility and the sensation of climax. This is often a trade-off rather than a complication, as it’s expected in many cases after prostate procedures.

Erectile dysfunction is a concern for some men, though it’s less common with simple prostatectomy compared to other prostate surgeries. Still, changes in sexual function can occur, depending on nerves and blood vessels affected during the operation.

Finally, scarring from open surgery can lead to a narrowing of the urethra or bladder neck, making urination difficult again over time. This may require further treatment or minor procedures to correct.

While these risks sound daunting, many men recover well and experience significant improvement in urinary symptoms. The key is open communication with your doctor, understanding your personal risk factors, and knowing what support is available during recovery.