What cultures don't brush their teeth?

Cleaning Teeth Without a Toothbrush: A Global Tradition

While most of us reach for a plastic toothbrush and tube of toothpaste each morning, millions around the world keep their teeth clean in a far more traditional way—using nothing but a simple twig. This age-old practice is especially common in parts of Africa and the Muslim world, where the miswak—a natural chewing stick made from the Salvadora persica tree—has been used for centuries.

The miswak isn’t just a cultural curiosity; it’s a functional oral hygiene tool. Chew one end of the stick, and it frays into soft bristles perfect for scrubbing teeth. The bark naturally contains fluoride, antiseptic compounds, and mild abrasives, making it surprisingly effective at fighting plaque and gum disease. In fact, studies suggest its cleaning power can rival that of a conventional toothbrush when used properly.

In many households across Sudan, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, the miswak is more than hygiene—it’s a ritual. Its use is deeply rooted in cultural and religious traditions, with some Islamic teachings even encouraging it as a sunnah, or practice of the Prophet Muhammad. It’s common to see people carrying slender sticks, casually chewing and cleaning throughout the day.

Meanwhile, in Western countries, the idea of brushing with a twig might seem primitive. Yet, as interest grows in sustainable, natural alternatives to plastic products, the humble miswak is gaining quiet attention. Some eco-conscious brands now offer biodegradable wooden brushes inspired by the same principle.

So, do people in these cultures not brush their teeth? Far from it. They just do it differently—wisely, sustainably, and with a tradition that’s stood the test of time. Sometimes, the oldest ways are still among the best.