What is the meaning of Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, H1, and H2?

Understanding Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and H1, H2: A Simple Guide

Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 are shorthand for the four quarters of the year—each spanning three months. Businesses and investors use these divisions to track performance, report earnings, and set goals. Q1 covers January to March, Q2 from April to June, Q3 July through September, and Q4 wraps up the year from October to December.

On a broader scale, H1 and H2 refer to the first and second halves of the year. H1 includes the first two quarters (January to June), while H2 covers the last two (July to December). These terms are especially useful when analyzing annual trends or comparing performance across larger periods.

It’s worth noting that while these divisions follow the calendar year, many companies operate on a fiscal year (FY) that doesn’t always start in January. For example, some organizations begin their fiscal year in April or October, meaning their Q1 starts later than the calendar’s. So while Q1 usually means January to March, it depends on the company’s specific fiscal calendar.

Whether you're reading a financial report, planning a business strategy, or just trying to make sense of quarterly results, knowing what Q1, H2, or FY stands for helps bring clarity. These markers aren’t just corporate jargon—they’re practical tools for measuring progress and making informed decisions throughout the year.