Key Numbers and Data on Hydrogen Energy

Hydrogen plays a critical role in global discussions regarding clean energy and industrial decarbonization. Below are the key figures characterizing its properties, production, and environmental impact:

  • Abundance and Properties: Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe, making up roughly 75% of all visible matter by mass. Its atomic number is 1, and its molecular form (H2H_2H2​) features a boiling point of -252.8°C at atmospheric pressure.

  • Energy Density: Gaseous hydrogen possesses a high specific energy content by weight (roughly 120 MJ/kg), which is about three times higher than that of gasoline. However, its volumetric energy density under normal conditions is low, requiring high-pressure storage (frequently compressed between 350 bar and 700 bar) or liquefaction to optimize mobility applications.

  • Production Pathways and Carbon Intensity:

    • Grey Hydrogen: Derived from fossil fuels without carbon capture, emitting approximately 10 to 15 kg of CO2CO_2CO2​ equivalent per kilogram of H2H_2H2​ produced.

    • Blue Hydrogen: Produced via fossil fuels paired with carbon capture and storage, reducing emissions to around 4 to 7 kg of CO2CO_2CO2​ per kilogram.

    • Green Hydrogen: Generated through water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity sources, yielding near-zero direct emissions (roughly 2 kg or less of CO2CO_2CO2​ equivalent lifecycle footprint).

Would you like to explore the economic cost projections for scaling green hydrogen infrastructure next?

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