Short answer
Eating concentrated acetic acid causes severe chemical burns to the mouth, throat, and digestive tract, leading to intense pain, vomiting (sometimes with blood), and possible perforation of the stomach or esophagus. Even small amounts are dangerous. Household vinegar, which contains diluted acetic acid, is safe in normal food amounts.
Key points
- Concentrated acetic acid causes severe internal burns if swallowed.
- Symptoms include pain, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing.
- Glacial acetic acid is not safe for human consumption.
- Household vinegar (4–8% acetic acid) is generally safe in food amounts.
- Seek emergency help immediately if ingested.
Ingesting concentrated acetic acid causes severe chemical burns to the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach, leading to intense pain, vomiting (sometimes with blood), and potential perforation of the digestive tract. This is not the same as consuming vinegar, which contains a safe, diluted form of acetic acid.
What happens if you swallow concentrated acetic acid?
Swallowing even a small amount of glacial acetic acid (99% or higher concentration) causes immediate tissue damage. The burns can lead to swelling, difficulty breathing, and long-term complications like scarring of the esophagus. In severe cases, the digestive tract may rupture, requiring emergency surgery.
Is any amount of acetic acid safe?
Yes, in low concentrations. Household vinegar typically contains 4–8% acetic acid and is safe to consume in normal food amounts. However, concentrated acetic acid used in laboratories or cleaning products is not meant for ingestion and has no safe level of intake. Always store it securely and label it clearly to avoid accidental poisoning.
Frequently asked questions
Can you drink vinegar if it contains acetic acid?
Yes, household vinegar with 4–8% acetic acid is safe to consume in normal food amounts. It is commonly used in cooking and salad dressings without harm.
What should I do if someone swallows acetic acid?
Seek emergency medical help immediately. Do not induce vomiting, as it can worsen internal damage. Keep the person calm and upright if possible.
Is acetic acid the same as vinegar?
Vinegar is a diluted form of acetic acid, typically 4–8%. Glacial acetic acid is nearly pure and highly corrosive, used in industrial or lab settings.
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