When do symptoms of PDA start?

When Do PDA Symptoms Typically Appear?

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart condition that occurs when a blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus — which normally closes shortly after birth — remains open. The timing of symptoms varies widely, depending largely on the size of the opening and the individual’s age.

A small PDA may cause no symptoms at all. In fact, some people live for years without realizing they have it, only discovering the condition during a routine checkup or an unrelated medical exam. This is especially common in otherwise healthy individuals who show no signs of strain on the heart.

On the other hand, a larger PDA can lead to noticeable problems early in life. In newborns, symptoms often resemble those of heart failure: rapid breathing, poor feeding, sweating during meals, and slow growth. These signs typically emerge within the first few days or weeks after birth, especially in premature infants who are more likely to develop significant PDA.

However, it’s not uncommon for symptoms to go unnoticed until adulthood, particularly in milder cases. As the heart works harder over time to compensate for the abnormal blood flow, fatigue, shortness of breath, and even heart palpitations may eventually appear. Left untreated, a persistent PDA can lead to long-term complications, including pulmonary hypertension or damage to the heart muscle.

Early detection through a physical exam — often prompted by a heart murmur — can make a big difference. With timely treatment, whether through medication, catheter-based procedures, or surgery, most people with PDA go on to lead healthy lives.