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The Evolutionary Origins of Human Skin Color

When examining the history of our species, science reveals a fascinating journey of biological adaptation. All modern humans share a common ancestor who lived in Africa approximately 200,000 years ago. Through genetic research, scientists have compared the genes responsible for skin pigmentation in chimpanzees and modern African populations to reconstruct this timeline.

The findings indicate that dark skin evolved hand-in-hand with the loss of body hair roughly 1.2 million years ago—long before modern humans emerged. Consequently, our shared common ancestor already possessed dark skin, which served as a crucial evolutionary shield against intense ultraviolet radiation under the African sun.