Age, length of time in current job, region, collective bargaining coverage, industry, occupation

In Portugal, the coverage rate is 58 , and numerous employees are still excluded from the collective bargaining framework.

In most Member States, collective agreements are either binding on the employers who are party to them or declared binding for all employees in the industry concerned (erga omnes effect).

5.5.4 Collective bargaining and young people's rights

While this makes some reference to equal opportuntities by considering the particular situation of women, the measures concerned merely perpetuate the logic of the masculine norm .

Irish report, p. 18.

5.4 There is the National Commission for Consultation and Collective Bargaining in Moldova, a tripartite body established based on the law on collective bargaining.

5.4 There is the National Commission for Consultation and Collective Bargaining in Republic of Moldova, a tripartite body established on the basis of the law on collective bargaining.

6.5.4 Collective bargaining and young people's rights

In France there is, or has been, no equality bargaining, but rather collective bargaining about equal opportunities.

The various national models and concepts of equality bargaining i.

In Greece, where there is no tradition of collective bargaining, equal opportunities and collective bargaining never actually come into contact.

an optional framework for trans national collective bargaining

The characteristic of the system is the importance it attaches to trade union organisations for the negotiation of collective agreements at every level. Two negotiating levels the centralised national level and the decentralised works level are linked in such a way that the central level guides the negotiations at the decentralised level.

National framework for equality bargaining some inadequacies

5.6 Collective bargaining encouraging social organisations to consider, as part of the collective bargaining process, policies to help young people enter the labour market.

Countries where equal opportunities and collective bargaining are combined Sweden, Denmark and Finland

Collective bargaining on equal opportunities exists in varying degrees in all member states, though it may lie under the surface of the bargaining system as it has not yet fully emerged or developed.

3.2 Freedom of association and collective bargaining in practice14

All employees covered by collective bargaining ( )

An optional European framework for transnational collective bargaining

3.1 Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining in Law

There are themes common to collective bargaining in all member states, which may ultimately contribute to an elaboration of the concept.

The concept of equality bargaining as a solution to the crisis and to the impoverishment of collective bargaining

(m) Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention

Each Party shall ensure that, in any such tribunals or procedures, the parties to the proceeding are provided with the right to

These procedures shall be applied in such a manner as to avoid the creation of barriers to legitimate trade and to provide for safeguards against their abuse.

Annual collective bargaining is to be re organised around prescribed main axes.

Equality bargaining, though, remains a minority activity, and in all countries, traditional bargaining persists, in which equal opportunities play a very small part.

In Portugal, collective bargaining and equal opportunities are still far apart.

Collective bargaining on equal opportunities a real but marginal phenomenon

4.5.7 Collective bargaining should be further promoted at sectoral level.

Gender awareness is still limited although there are some demands for substantial equality.

That would be a means of curbing the discriminatory function of collective bargaining.

Others stress the crisis of collective bargaining or the abolition of a minimum wage.

Provision is made for extension mechanisms in Spain, but they are rarely applied (Social Europe, 1994).

1.11 The impact on collective bargaining coverage in affected sectors should also be analysed, given that many workers could be placed outside collective bargaining structures and trade union representation.

The effects of this peaceful collective negotiation will likely go beyond the scope of employment.

Agreements by and large give equal opportunities an exceptional or marginal status, and do not reflect women's needs.

Collective bargaining, once left to economic actors, is becoming increasingly politicized.

States parties to Convention No. 98 were required to favour collective bargaining.

Application of the Principles of the Right to Organise and to Bargain Collectively Convention (No. 98)

Application of the Principles of the Right to Organise and to Bargain Collectively Convention (No. 98).

Application of the Principles of the Right to Organise and to Bargain Collectively Convention (N 98).

The bottom line is that the way to bridge the river separating the two concepts is by modernising the instrument of collective bargaining in an age that can be termed somewhat hyperbolically, perhaps, as post modern or post industrial.